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Dominants, Jabalpur (2026)

04/05/2020

Pest 3:
Common name : mango nut weevil or stone weevil.

Scientific name : Sternochaetus mangiferae.

Pest Identification Characteristics:

Egg : 12 to 36 eggs laid singly by scooping the rind or layer of half ripened fruits.

Grub : apodus ,fleshy,light yellow with a dark head.

Pupa : pupates inside the nut.

Adult : Dark brown stout beetle of 6mm long.

Damage symptoms :

Grub makes zigzag tunnels in pulp, endocarp,seed coat and finally reaches the cotyledon.After fruit development tunnels gets closed.Fruit dropping at marble stage. oviposition injuries on marble sized fruits can be seen.

Management:

Collect and destroy the fallen fruits.Maintaining hygiene in storage place.Spray any one of the following pesticides Acephate 75 SP 1.5g/lit. or Lambdacyhalothrin 5 EC 2.5 ml/lit. or Phosalone 35 EC 2 ml/lit. at marble size stage of fruits against Mango nut weevil.

(*ICAR- Pest of quarantine importance is nut weevil of mango.Pupation of nut weevil takes place in nut of mango)

03/05/2020

Pest no :2
Common name : Oriental fruit fly, mango fruit fly.

Scientific name : Bactrocera dorsalis.

Crops damaged : Mango, banana, sapota, fig, guava, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, pineapple, roseapple, citrus, coffee, etc.

Identification characteristics of pest :

Egg - A single female lays 150 - 200 eggs in a month.2 - 15 eggs laid in clusters just below the fruit epidermis about 4mm depth.

Larva - Yellowish apodous maggots on hatching from egg starts feeding.

Pupa - Takes place in the soil after fruit falls down.

Adult - Light brown with transparent wing.Thorax ferrugineous or rusty colour without middle yellow stripes.Legs yellow and abdomen conical and dark brown .

Damage symptoms by pest:

Maggot bore into semi-ripen fruits with decayed spots leads to dropping of fruits.Oozing of fluid takes place during severity.Brownish rotten patches on fruits can be seen.

Management of pest :

Collection and disposal of infested fallen fruits and by dumping in a pit.summer ploughing to expose the pupa.Monitoring the activity of flies with methyl eugenol s*x lure traps.Field release of natural enemies Opius compensates and Spalangia philippines.Baiting any one of the insecticides like malathion 50EC 2 ml/l, dimethoate 30 EC 1 ml/l, carbaryl 50 WP 4 g/l and molasses or jaggery 10 g/l, 2 rounds at 2 weeks interval before ripening of fruits.

(*ICAR - Pupation takes place in soil.Hibernation of pupa takes place during winter in North India.)

02/05/2020

Pest of Horticulture crops :
Pest no : 1

Common name : Red-spotted longhorn beetle, mango tree borer, tropical fig borer, bark borer.

Scientific name : Batocera rufomaculata.

Pest identification characteristics:

Egg - Eggs are laid singly either in the slits of tree trunks or in the cavities in the main branches and stem which are covered with a viscous fluid.

Grub - Linear, fleshy and apodous grub.

Adult - The beetle has two pink dots and lateral spines on thorax and measures about 50 mm long.

Symptoms of damage :

Grub bore into the bark of branches and making irregular tunnels .Feeding of vascular tissues interrupts the nutrient and water transport on the tissue.Drying of terminal shoot in early stage.Frass comes out from several points and some times sap oozes out of the holes.Finally,wilting of branches or entire tree takes place.

Management :

Removal and destruction of dead and severely affected branches of the tree.Removing alternate host like silk cotton.Growing tolerant mango varieties like Neelam and Humayudin.
Swabing Coal tar and Kerosene @ 1:2 at the basal portion of the trunk - 3 feet height after scraping the loose bark to prevent oviposition by adult beetles.If infestations are severe then apply the copper oxychloride paste on the trunk of the tree.One celphos tablet (3 g aluminum phosphide) per hole.Apply carbofuran 3G 5 g per hole and plug with mud.

(*ICAR - Important occasional pest of Mango is Mango stem borer.)

03/01/2020

Pest no 6 & 7:

Common Name : Rice Green leaf hopper.

Scientific Name : Nephotettix nigropictus.

Characteristics:

Eggs: Greenish transparent eggs are laid in the midrib of leaf blade or sheath of rice in batches of 10 to 15 arranged in a single row.

Nymph: The nymphs are soft bodied, yellow white in colour. Gradually the colour changes to green.

Adult: Adults are 3-5 mm long, bright green with black markings and wedge shaped with a characteristic diagonal movement. Male insect has a black spot in middle of the forewings that is absent in females. The insect is active during southwest monsoon season between july to september.

Symptoms of damage :

Nymphs and adults sucks sap from the leaves turning them yellow and ultimately brown.Growth becomes stunt.At severe infestation, drying up of plants in batches can be seen in the field.

Vector: It acts as a vector for Rice tungro virus, rice yellow & transitory yellowing .

Management : (IPM)
Cultural and physical : Early planting ,crop rotation,weed control in both fields and bunds which act as reservoir.Setting up of light trap of yellow bulb @ 8-12/ha .

Growing resistant varieties like ADT 38,IR 50,CR 1009,Vani.

Chemical : spraying of anyone of following chemicals for management:
Fipronil 5% SC 1000-1500 g/ha.
*Imidacloprid 17.8% SL 100 -125 ml/ha.
Thiamethoxam 25% WG 100 g/ha.
Triazophos 40% EC 625-1250 ml/ha.

(*ICAR point : ETL for GLH - 60 adults/25 net sweeps ,5 adults/hill at vegetative stage and 10 adults /hill at flowering or 2 adults/hill in tungro endemic area.)

Common Name : Brown Plant hopper.

Scientific Name : Nilaparvata lugens.

Characteristics :

Egg: White, transparent, slender cylindrical and curved eggs are laid straight-line in two rows as a group in leaf sheath (near the plant base or in the ventral midribs of leaf blades).

Nymph: cottony white in early instar after hatching then changes to purplish brown colour.

Adult: Adult hopper is 4.5-5.0 mm long and has a yellowish brown to dark brown body. It exists in two forms as Macropterous(Long wings when food is scarce) and Brachypterous(short wings when food is plenty). A prominent tibial spur is present on the hind leg.

Symptoms of damage :
Hopper burn(yellowing, browning and death of above ground parts in the form of circular burnt up areas).Nymphs and adults congregate at the base of the plant above the water level and causes drying by phloem feeding.

Vector : It acts as a vector of grassy stunt, ragged stunt and wilted stunt diseases.

Management:(IPM)

Cultural , Mechanical and physical : Removal of weeds.Alternate wetting and drying of field.Optimum Nitrogen application.Avoiding closer spacing.Setting up of light traps with yellow bulb @8-12/ha.setting up of yellow pan water trap .

Biocontrol : Improving population of predators like mirid bugs (Cyrtorhinus lividipennis) and wolf spider (Lycosa pseudoannulata).

Growing of resistant varieties like CoRH-1,Co 42,PY 3,Aruna,Divya,Udhaya,Krishnaveni,Suresh.

Chemical: Applying any one of the following insecticides will manage BPH;
Fipronil 5% SC 1000-1500 ml/ha
Fipronil 0.3% GR -16670-25000 g/ha
Imidacloprid 70% WG - 30-35 kg/ha
Imidacloprid 17.8 SL - 100-125 ml/ha
Phosphamidon - 875 ml/ha
Triazophos 40% EC - 625-1250 ml/ha.

(*ICAR point : ETL for BPH is 1 hopper/ tiller in the absence of predatory spider and 2 hoppers /tiller when spider is present at 1/hill.Alternate wetting and drying is done for control of BPH.Optimum use of Nitrogenous fertilizer is done for management of BPH.)

02/01/2020

Pest :5

Common name :paddy yellow stem borer.

Scientific name :Scirpophaga incertulas.

Characteristics:
Egg:Creamy white, flattened, oval and scale shape.Laid in mass and covered with tuft or buff hairs.

Larva: Pale yellow with dark brown head.

Pupa: White silken cocoon are found inside the stem.pupates inside at the base of stem.

Adult: Sexual dimorphism noticed.
Female moth: Bigger moth with bright yellowish brown fore wings with a black spot at centre.Tip of abdomen possess a tuft of yellowish hairs.

Male moth: Smaller with pale yellow forewings without black spot.

Symptoms of damage:
Caterpillars bore into centre of stem and bores the internal content.As a result ,flow of water and nourishments to central portion gets disturbed finally drying of central shoots happens.If it happens at vegetative stage ,it is referred to as "dead heart" and at flowering stage ,it is referred to as "white ears" where grains becomes chaffy.Plants could be easily pulled up by hand.

(*ICAR point - specific pest of rice in india is yellow stem borer.ETL - 10 % dead heart and 2% white ears.)

30/12/2019

Pest :4

Common name :Rice hispa, paddy hispid,spiny beetle.

Scientific name : Dicladispa armigera.

Characteristics :
Egg: Laid inside minute slits on the tender leaves near tips.

Larva: Grub is whitish yellow and flattened and feeds inside the leaf tissue by mining. pupates inside the leaves.

Adult: Beetle is square shaped ,dark blue or blackish in colour with spines all over the body.

Symptoms of damage:
Tunneling of leaves causes irregular translucent white patches that are parallel to the leaf veins.Adults feed on chlorophyll by scraping and causing white parallel streaks.Grubs mine into the leaves and make blister near leaf tips.At severe infestation, field appears like burnt.

(*ICAR point :Damage stage of Rice hispa is both grub and adult.)

28/12/2019

Pest :3
Common Name : Rice Gundhi bug ,Rice earhead bug, paddy bug.

Scientific Name : Leptocorisa acuta .

Characters of the pest :
Egg: Circular and brownish.Seed like 2mm long.It will be laid in clusters in two rows along the midrib on the upper surface of the leaf blade.

Nymph: First instar is small.2mm long, pale green in colour which grows to deepen green through different instars.

Adult: Adults are greenish yellow, long and slender.Above 0.5 inch in length.It produces a characteristics buggy odour when disturbed.

Symptoms of Damage :
Sucking the sap from peduncle,tender stem and individual grains starts from flowering stage upto milky stage.Individual grains become chaffy. Earheads with chaffy grains in early developmental stage and grain spotting in the dough stage with grains showing dark brown or black spots with a white centre (pecky grains). Buggy odour in rice field during milky stage will occur.

26/11/2019

Pest 2 :
Common name:Rice leaf folder.

Scientific name : Cnaphalocrocis medinalis.

Larva : Greenish translucent larva webs and folds the leaves and will be present inside.

Adult : Moth is brownish with many dark wavy lines in centre and dark band on margin of wings.

Damage caused by the pest :
Leaves are folded longitudinally by the larvae and it will be present inside the fold.
Then ,it scrapes the green tissues of the leaves which becomes white and dry.
During severe infestation the whole field exhibits scorched appearance.

25/11/2019

Pest :1
Common names : Castor slug ,Nettle caterpillar, blue-striped nettle grub.

Scientific name : Parasa lepida .

Larval Characters :It is slug like, ventrally flat, greenish body with white lines and four rows of spiny scoli tipped red or black.
(Scoli: when touched causes irritations.)

Adult characters : It is a green moth with brown band at the base of the forewing.

Crops damaged :
Coffee, tea, cocoa, coconut, oil palm, rambutan, banana, mango, pomegranate, pepper, castor, rose, Aleurites montana, Artocarpus hirsuta, Borassus flabellifer, Cassia fistula, Dimocarpus longan, Ficus benghalensis, benjamina, carica, Terminalia catappa and so on.

It's mainly cause economic damage in castor,rose and pomegranate.

25/11/2019

This page 'Dominants' is for providing information about insect pest that acts as a great nuisance everywhere.

The prime aim of this page is to make agricultural students easy to identify and to get over knowledge of the pests that passes away daily .

Dominants

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