06/05/2026
Do you know your rights or when they have been violated?
42 USC § 1981
Equal right to contract, sue, give evidence, and equal benefit of laws.
42 USC § 1982
Equal right to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey property.
42 USC § 1983
Civil action for deprivation of rights under color of law.
42 U.S.C. § 1984 is currently listed as “Omitted.” It was tied to the Civil Rights Act of 1875, specifically Supreme Court review under that Act; later, sections of the 1875 Act were declared unconstitutional or repealed. �
Legal Information Institute
The attorney-fee / cost-recovery statute you’re pointing to is 42 U.S.C. § 1988, not §1984. That is the one that allows attorney’s fees in civil-rights enforcement actions.
42 USC § 1985
Conspiracy to interfere with civil rights.
42 USC § 1986
Liability for neglecting/refusing to prevent a known § 1985 wrong.
So the chain is:
1866 Civil Rights Act → property/contract/equal civil rights → modern §§ 1981–1982.
1871 Civil Rights/Klan Act → color of law + conspiracy enforcement → modern §§ 1983, 1985, 1986.s the “neglect to prevent” section. It applies where someone knows a § 1985 civil-rights conspiracy is about to happen, has power to prevent it, and neglects or refuses to stop it.
Section
Function
§1981
Equal contract/legal rights
§1982
Property rights
§1983
Color-of-law deprivation
§1984
Omitted
§1985
Civil-rights conspiracy
§1986
Neglect/refusal to prevent
§1988
Attorney’s fees / proceedings in civil-rights cases