06/12/2025
📢 New Research Shows Northern Snake Venom Is Evolving Differently
And It Matters More Than You Think!
A new scientific paper has just highlighted something fascinating about Australia’s venomous snakes; their venom isn’t the same across the country. In fact, snakes from northern and southern regions can have completely different venom effects, even within the same species.
The study looked closely at the venom of Australian elapids, especially brown snakes and taipans, and tested how their venom clots blood in different prey types and in humans. What they found is a real eye-opener!
Here’s a summarised breakdown:
🟢 Southern populations of some species (like the Eastern Brown Snake) produce extremely strong, stable blood clots, which as a venom “strategy” that’s highly effective on mammals such as rodents.
🟡 Northern populations, including those from Queensland and further into warmer climates, often create clots that are much faster but far weaker and less stable. This means the venom is functioning differently, likely due to the type of prey those northern snakes commonly target.
Why does this matter?
Well, it shows how animals adapt to different environments.
Northern snakes live in hotter climates with different prey communities. Over thousands of generations, their venom has fine-tuned itself to suit the animals they hunt, whether that’s more reptiles, amphibians, birds, or small mammals. Venom isn’t “one recipe fits all”; it evolves with the ecosystem.
We tend to think of evolution as something ancient, but this research shows it’s active and ongoing across Australia. Two snakes of the same species, just living in different parts of the country, can carry very different biological tools.
Because venom varies by region, clinical effects may vary too. A bite from a northern population may behave differently to one from the south, which means doctors and researchers need to understand where a snake comes from when treating bites.
This kind of research helps us understand how wildlife adapts to climate, prey shifts, and environmental pressures, all crucial for protecting species as habitats change.
Gillett, A., Lowenthal, M., Dunnett, N., Jenkins, M., & Mulley, J. (2025). X Marks the Clot: Evolutionary and Clinical Implications of Divergences in Procoagulant Australian Elapid Snake Venoms. Toxins, 17(8), 417. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins170804
Australian elapid snakes possess potent procoagulant venoms, capable of inducing severe venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC) in snakebite victims through rapid activation of the coagulation cascade by converting the FVII and prothrombin zymogens into their active forms. These venoms fall in...