06/20/2025
On our last trip to France, my little apprentice was having a great time collecting cones!
He gave me these, and I explained to him that Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), a species native to our Pacific North-west, has long been planted in Europe's commercial forests.
One of these cones belongs to Douglas-fir, and the other to Norway spruce (Picea abies), a European species. Which do you think is which?
https://jtconsultingarborist.ca