21/10/2022
Polular science: Turbocharger
Booster Type
Exhaust gas turbocharger
Supercharger
E-Booster
Turbochargers are divided into two types: the turbine is a disguised air compressor
Supercharging and exhaust gas turbocharging 1. Supercharging turbine: directly uses the engine output to drive the supercharger, and then sends high-density air into the cylinder to improve the output power of the engine. The supercharger will consume the power of the engine. Its speed will change with the engine speed, and there will be no delay in supercharging. The effect is excellent when the engine is running at low speed, but it is limited by the engine speed. The engine will be under supercharged at high speed. 2. Exhaust gas turbine: It uses the exhaust gas from the engine to drive the compressor. For indirect turbocharging, the power of the engine is not consumed. The speed of the turbocharger is extremely high, and the increased pressure is several times higher than that of the supercharger. However, due to the inertia of the turbofan and the considerable resistance of the intermediate bearing, the speed of the turbofan will not increase at the same time when the exhaust gas suddenly increases, which is called turbine hysteresis
In view of the low intake efficiency of naturally aspirated (NA) engines in high speed regions, the most basic key point is to find a way to increase the air pressure in the intake manifold to overcome the valve interference resistance. Although the dimensions of the intake manifold, valves and camshafts remain unchanged, due to the increase of intake pressure, the air that can squeeze into the combustion chamber during each valve opening time is increased, Therefore, the fuel injection can also be relatively increased, making the engine's working energy more powerful than before supercharging, which is the basic principle of supercharging.
The turbocharger is actually a kind of air compressor, which can increase the air intake by compressing the air. It uses the engine
The inertia impulse of exhaust gas from the machine drives the turbine in the turbine chamber. The turbine drives the coaxial impeller, which presses the air sent from the air filter pipe to pressurize it into the cylinder. When the engine speed increases, the exhaust gas emission speed and the turbine speed also increase synchronously. The impeller compresses more air into the cylinder. The increase of air pressure and density can burn more fuel, and the corresponding increase of fuel quantity can increase the output power of the engine.
The biggest advantage of the turbocharger is that it can greatly improve the power and torque of the engine without increasing the engine displacement. Generally speaking, the power and torque of the engine with the turbocharger will increase by 20% - 30%. The disadvantage of the turbocharger is its lag, that is, the inertia effect of the impeller reacts slowly to the sudden change of the throttle, causing the engine to increase or reduce the output power in a delayed manner. For a car that wants to accelerate or overtake suddenly, it will feel a little powerless at once.
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