29/07/2026
https://bikes2share.com/blog/cargo-ebike-vs-van-vs-emoped-tco-urban-delivery-2026
A practical 3- and 5-year total cost of ownership model for urban last-mile fleets. Compare cargo e-bikes, e-mopeds, and small vans on CapEx, energy, insurance, parking, congestion charges, downtime, and driver cost—then map the winning vehicle to payload and route density.