Cornel & Cornel Topoexim

05/09/2026

Climate resilient spatial plans: Revised LADM climate adaptation profile
Maria Luisa TAROZZO KAWASAKI, Rob VAN DER KROGT, Wilfred VISSER, and
Peter VAN OOSTEROM, The Netherlands

In 2022, the Netherlands introduced ‘water and soil’ guidance as key principle for Dutch spatial planning. This approach emphasizes water and soil considerations into planning processes, especially when addressing pressing climate challenges in the country, such as flooding, rising sea levels, and soil subsidence. However, its implementation has encountered significant obstacles, particularly in the areas of data accessibility, standardization, and interoperability. Despise their availability, geological and hydrological information is often specialized, fragmented into multiple sources, and overall still unused in spatial planning. To address these challenges, the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) Part 5 climate adaptation profile was introduced in 2024 and incorporated as Annex C in the ISO 19152-5 standard. This specialization profile provides a structured framework to integrate subsurface and climate-related data into land administration systems, enabling planners to make informed decisions and share plan information to support climate adaptation. The initial profile received valuable feedback from spatial planners, who highlighted the need for better integration with external data sources, improved data traceability, and design flexibility. This paper presents a revised version of the LADM climate adaptation profile, incorporating key modifications to address the feedback and enhance its functionality. One significant update is the inclusion of external classes, facilitating integration with external data sources, such as geological and hydrological models, and climate projections. Additionally, the revised profile includes the LA_Source class to meet spatial planners’ requests for data traceability. To demonstrate the revised LADM profile, real Dutch plan information is used. For instance, one case study demonstrates how the LADM profile facilitates subsurface assessment during the masterplan phase, by integrating groundwater data and geological models with land use plans. The examples highlight the profile’s ability to bridge theoretical frameworks with practical implementation, supporting the Netherlands’ ‘water and soil’ principle. In short, the revised LADM Part 5 climate adaptation profile strengthens Dutch efforts to achieve climate resilience by improving data integration, transparency, and decision-making. Its flexible and interoperable framework also holds promise for global adoption. As nations worldwide seek to balance spatial development with climate adaptation, the profile’s standardized approach can inform international best practices.

Key words: land administration, ladm, subsurface data, climate adaptation, spatial planning.

FIG Brazil Joint Land Administration Conference (3DLA2025, UN-Habitat STDM, FIG Commissions 7+8 AM) 3-5 November 2025, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil

Read full article :https://www.gdmc.nl/3DCadastres/workshop2025/programme/3DLA2025_paper_ZA_89.pdf

04/09/2026

High-density airborne Lidar sensor ideal for challenging coastal survey of Sylt

Arctia-Meritaito has efficiently produced a seamless digital terrain model of land and water along the shallow coastal areas of the German island of Sylt, using a Leica Chiroptera 4X airborne bathymetric sensor.
Bathymetric surveying offers a unique opportunity to capture Lidar point clouds and images of the transitional zone comprising shallow water and coastal land. This information provides valuable insights into environmental conditions, supports research and planning to protect vulnerable locations and aids marine navigation.
Coastal surveys are greatly influenced by the quality of the water, which can be degraded by swirling sand, algae, and seaweed. Difficult conditions in the North Sea compound these issues and increase the importance of fast data collection and reliable operations. Finnish company Arctia-Meritaito Ltd. successfully completed an airborne topographic and bathymetric survey on Sylt, a popular German island known for its vacation resorts and 40-kilometre-long sandy beach, using a Leica Chiroptera 4X as its surveying instrument.

> Threats to the island
> Limited window of opportunity
> Survey results support analysis
> Development of bathymetric mapping

“There were other sensors in the 2015 pilot project, but we saw that the Leica Chiroptera 4X provided the most promising results,” says Mikko Ojala, head of airborne Lidar bathymetry, Arctia-Meritaito. “By replacing single beam vessels with airborne Lidar, we get full coverage in shallow waters with depth pe*******on down to 25m depending on the conditions, while minimizing the risk of losing sensors. Now we collect land and water in one effort, instead of executing a separate survey for the land portion.”
Thanks to improvements in laser technology and more sophisticated algorithms, today it is possible to reach depths of -25m or more with a shallow-water sensor, such as the Chiroptera 4X, previously attainable only with a deep-sea sensor or echosounder.

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Arctia-Meritaito has efficiently produced a seamless digital terrain model of land and water along the shallow coastal areas of the German island of S...

03/09/2026

03/09/2026

Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing Using Flexible and Seamless Factorized Back-Projection
by Mattia Giovanni Polisano, Marco Manzoni, Stefano Tebaldini

This paper describes a flexible and seamless processor for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery.
When designing a focusing algorithm for large-scale and high-resolution SAR images, efficiency and accuracy are two mandatory aspects to consider.
The proposed processing scheme is based on a modified version of Fast Factorized Back-Projection (FFBP), in which the factorization procedure is interrupted on the basis of a computational cost analysis to reduce the number of complex operations at its minimum.
The algorithm gains efficiency in the case of low-altitude platforms, where there are significant variations in azimuth resolution, but not in the case of conventional airborne missions, where the azimuth resolution can be considered constant in the swath.
The algorithm’s performance is derived by assessing the number of complex operations required to focus an SAR image.
Two scenarios are tackled in a numerical simulation: a UAV-borne SAR with a short synthetic aperture and a wide field of view, referred to as the ground-based-like (GBL) scenario, and a classical stripmap scenario. In both cases, we consider mono-static and bi-static radar configurations.
The results of the numerical simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms FFBP in the stripmap scenario while achieving the same performance as FFBP in the GBL scenario. In addition, the algorithm is validated thanks to an experimental UAV-borne SAR campaign in the X-band.

Keywords: Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR); Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV); UAV-borne SAR; UAV-borne SAR focusing; Fast Factorized Back-Projection; Time-Domain Back-Projection (TDBP)

Read full article: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/1046

02/09/2026

Considerations on Building Information Modelling (BIM) In Mauritius
Rughooputh Reshma and Mahadeo Ritisha (Mauritius)

This paper attempts to gather and analyse quantitative data in order to establish the understanding that Mauritian Architectural, Construction, Engineering and Surveying (ACES) practitioners have of BIM, to determine their requirements from BIM in terms of functions and benefits and to identify the most likely barriers that BIM uptake would have to face in Mauritius.
These are indeed important to assess when considering the adoption and implementation of BIM. A self-administered structured questionnaire survey was used for data collection.
Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and included calculation of RIIs, Chi-square tests, correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis test.
A total of 175 questionnaires were obtained, representing an overall response rate of 42.6%. The sample adequately represented the Mauritian construction industry. It was found that 65% respondents know and understand BIM concept.
Use of BIM-related software was more common (43%) than use of BIM principles and processes (14%).
Most people (94%) were very interested to learn about and be trained in BIM. It was established that different professions require different functions and benefits from BIM. Respondents agreed over the top 3 and bottom 3 barriers.
Some recommendations have been made in the context of education and training, government support and further studies

Key words: Engineering survey; Geoinformation/GI; Professional practice; Digital Integration in Construction; Building Information Modelling (BIM); Architectural; Construction; Engineering; Surveying; Mauritius

FIG Congress 2026, The Future We Want - The SDGs and Beyond, Cape Town, South Africa, 24–29 May 2026

Read full article :https://www.fig.net/resources/proceedings/fig_proceedings/fig2026/ppt/ts05c/TS05C_reshma_ritisha_14134_ppt.pdf

01/09/2026

Automated Extraction and Accuracy Verification of Railway Track Axes from MLS Point Clouds
Zoltán Nagy, Árpád Somogyi

The precise determination of railway track geometry is essential for safe infrastructure operations, yet traditional surveying methods remain operationally intensive. Mobile laser scanning offers a high-efficiency alternative, though utilizing its full potential requires automated processing workflows to convert raw data into vectorized information.
This study presented a fully automated methodology for extracting three-dimensional track axes from mobile laser scanning point clouds.
The research material consisted of a five-kilometre double-track section captured by a specialized measuring train simultaneously equipped with a mobile laser scanning system and a dedicated track geometry measurement unit.
This integrated configuration allowed for the concurrent acquisition of point cloud data and a high-precision reference trajectory within an identical coordinate frame, effectively eliminating external co-registration errors.
The proposed algorithm utilized temporal segmentation, Euclidean clustering, and geometric filtering to identify rail head candidates and derive the axis geometry without manual intervention.
The results demonstrated high geometric fidelity, with the mean absolute error remaining below 10 mm across all spatial dimensions. Specifically, the three-dimensional spatial mean absolute error was 5.9 mm for the left track and 9.1 mm for the right track.
Detailed spatial analysis revealed that the largest deviations were concentrated in turnout sections and superelevated curves. Furthermore, the investigation identified systematic horizontal biases attributable to inaccuracies in the reference dataset rather than the extraction algorithm.
The findings confirmed that mobile laser scanning provides a viable, efficient alternative to static surveying for large-scale network monitoring.

Keywords: extraction, MLS, point cloud, railway, track axis

Nova Geodesia, Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026)

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Automated Extraction and Accuracy Verification of Railway Track Axes from MLS Point Clouds Authors Zoltán Nagy Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics (HU) Árpád Somogyi Budapest University of Technology and Ec...

31/08/2026

TOPOGRAPHIC WORKS NECESSARY TO PREVENT LANDSLIDE ON FOREST ROADS
Ioan IENCIU, Robert DRAȘOVEAN

The forest road is a permanent communication route which includes all the works related to the optimal development of the traffic: bridges, signs, consolidation works or any other constructions or arrangements included in the forest road project.
Considering the location of these communication routes, as well as the natural and anthropic factors that influence their lifespan, through this project we aimed to present the usefulness of topographic works for raising and tracking the action of natural phenomena that influence the infrastructure of a exploitation road.
These works have the role of providing a more detailed and precise digital terrain model of the situation in order to develop constructive technical solutions to counteract the destructive activity of these phenomena.

In order to prevent and combat landslides, a number of measures are needed, including:
- The need to execute large-scale topographic works to ensure an overview of the studied area;
- The need for forecasts on the stability of slopes by topographic interpolations;
- The obligation to periodically verify these objectives from a topographical point of view;
- Identifying the conditions of occurrence and manifestation of landslides;
- Identification and early planning of customized prevention measures for each case;
- Ensuring the drainage of water from the slopes by adequate hydrotechnical works;
- Afforestation and grassing of slopes;
- Avoiding the location of engineering objectives in areas where the terrain is prone to frequent landslide processes.

Keywords: landslide, topographic network, forest road, Digital Terrain Model, topographic plan, cross-sections profiles, longitudinal profile

“1 Decembrie 1918” University of Alba Iulia, RevCAD 28/2020

Read full article :http://revcad.uab.ro/upload/49_780_ienciu_drasovean1.pdf

31/08/2026

What if deformation monitoring could deliver earlier insights with fewer site visits? 📡

At INTERGEO 2026, Epco Berger, Managing Director at TotaLite, will present how continuous optical monitoring can complement traditional surveying and instrumentation on live infrastructure projects.

Using a UK tunnel monitoring case study, the session will explore how continuous, remote observations can support structural assessment, reduce operational effort and help engineering teams respond to changes more quickly. Without replacing established surveying methods.

📅 16 September 2026
🕞 3:35 pm - 3:55 pm
📍 Main Stage

🎟️ Secure your ticket for INTERGEO 2026 and discover how next-generation monitoring can support safer, more informed infrastructure decisions.

Get your ticket now:
EXPO ticket:
https://www.messe-ticket.de/HINTE_shop/INTERGEOEXPO2026/Shop
CONFERENCE ticket:
https://www.messe-ticket.de/HINTE_shop/INTERGEOCONFERENCE2026/Shop

31/08/2026

What does Ethics and Code of Conduct mean to you? The surveying profession is evolving rapidly. Surveyors and land professionals today face not only traditional ethical challenges, such as conflicts of interest, professional independence, and integrity, but also emerging responsibilities related to gender equality, community engagement, data protection, environmental stewardship, technological innovation, and the prevention of sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment. This is why a dedicated group in FIG has worked during the past years on an updated FIG Policy Publication on Ethical Principles and Model Code of Professional Conduct. The publication is meant as a model to help national associations and others to update or create their own Code of Conduct. The draft is currently in consultation, and it is still possible for you to contribute. Please help and fill in their questionnaire.
"Are you a map maker in a modern world?", James Norris asked in his plenary presentation at FIG Congress 2026 - read more in the FIG Article of the Month".
Final question: Will we meet at Intergeo in Munich?

https://www.fig.net/resources/mailgun/bullets/newsletters/2026-08/index.html

30/08/2026

Mapping and Classification of Trees Outside Forests using Deep Learning
Moritz Lucas, Hamid Ebrahimy, Viacheslav Barkov, Ralf Pecenka, Kai-Uwe Kühnberger, Björn Waske

Trees Outside Forests (TOF) play an important role in agricultural landscapes by supporting biodiversity, sequestering carbon, and regulating microclimates.
Yet, most studies have treated TOF as a single class or relied on rigid rule-based thresholds, limiting ecological interpretation and adaptability across regions.
To address this, we evaluate deep learning for TOF classification using a newly generated dataset and high-resolution aerial imagery from four agricultural landscapes in Germany.
Specifically, we compare convolutional neural networks (CNNs), vision transformers, and hybrid CNN–transformer models across six semantic segmentation architectures (ABCNet, LSKNet, FT-UNetFormer, DC-Swin, BANet, and U-Net)
to map four categories of woody vegetation: Forest, Patch, Linear, and Tree, derived from previous studies and governmental products.
Overall, the models achieved good classification accuracy across the four landscapes, with the FT-UNetFormer performing best (mean Intersection-over-Union 0.74; mean F1 score 0.84), underscoring the importance of spatial context understanding in TOF mapping and classification.
Our results show good results for Forest and Linear class and reveal challenges particularly in classifyingcomplex structures with high edge density, notably the Patch and Tree class.
Our generalization experiments highlight the need for regionally diverse training data to ensure reliable large-scale mapping.
The datasetand code are openly available at https://github.com/Moerizzy/TOFMapper.

Read full article: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.25239