01/27/2020
Southern Live Oaks - Care for This Southern Heritage Plant
The late winter months through early spring are a great time to provide care and maintenance to your live oak trees. From selecting trees at the garden center to planting, pruning and fertilization, this is the time of year for live oak maintenance.
If you intend to plant a live oak, select a tree with a well-developed central leader system. And be sure the tree was properly pruned at the nursery. Proper pruning at a young age is important for live oaks long term. Most home gardeners should plant trees growing in 3- to 15-gallon containers, although you can purchase live oaks that are much larger. It is hard, however, for an average homeowner to handle planting trees larger than those growing in a 15-gallon container.
Industry professionals now plant amazingly large live oak trees.
When planting, here are some recommendations:
β Make the planting hole the same depth and two to three times as wide as the container in which the tree has been growing.
β Make the sides of the planting hole rough, not smooth.
β Put into the planting hole the same soil that came out of it.
β Do not amend this backfill soil with compost, pine bark or similar materials.
β Water the tree during the planting process to eliminate dry pockets that will desiccate the new growing roots.
β Mulch trees after planting.
Be sure to give your new live oak tree adequate room. Most of the time, live oaks are now planted on 30-foot-by-30-foot spacings. This is, however, way too close. You also see live oaks planted on 60-foot-by-60-foot spacings. This is OK. But ideally, live oaks need to be planted on 90-foot centers. We all see live oaks in front yards that have basically no room for a tree this large. Also, live oaks routinely are planted between streets and sidewalks. Once again, this is the wrong tree in the wrong place. Be sure to plant live oaks where they have room to grow and do what they want to do.
Fertilization of live oaks is not recommended the first year after planting. You can start a fertilization program thereafter. During the first year, growth emphasis on the tree should be directed to the root system. Nitrogen fertilizer applications during this time favor shoot growth at the expense of root growth.
Mature live oaks may benefit from fertilization, or they may not need fertilization at all. The tree needs to be examined for new growth. If new growth, as measured by shoot elongation, is significant, fertilization is not needed. If not much new growth or no new growth is apparent, fertilization or other cultural practices may be needed.
Live oaks originating from local seed sources will perform better than live oaks originating from seed sources a couple states away. For example, trees from seed collected in Louisiana will grow best in Louisiana. Do not expect acorns obtained from a tree in Texas to produce a tree in Louisiana that would grow as well as it would grow in Texas.
Live oaks are one of our most important trees and a big investment. Provide proper care to these great trees and you will enjoy for multiple generations.
(Photo of a Southern Live Oak in Louisiana from William Guion)