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09/03/2026

Family of Friends Bible Study, Thursday, September 3rd, 2026


In the Beginning – chapter 1: verses 14 – 19, the fourth day:


14. And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark seasons and days and years, 15. and let there be light in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so.
16. God made two lights – the greater to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17. God set them in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth, 18. to govern the day and night, and to separate light from darkness.
And God saw that it was good. 19. And there was evening, and there was morning – the fourth day.


Question:

What is the difference between the lights God placed in the sky on the fourth day and the light God gave to the world on the first day, in verse 3?


In Genesis chapter 1, the primary distinction between the light of the first day (verse 3) and the lights of the fourth day (verses 14–19) is the difference between the fundamental element of light itself (God is Light) and the specific physical bodies created to carry, regulate, and distribute it.



1. Linguistic and Conceptual Difference

• Day 1 (Genesis 1:3):

God says, "Let there be light," using the Hebrew word ’ôr.

This refers to light as an intrinsic, foundational energy or property.

It is the creation of illumination out of darkness, establishing the basic cycle of "day" and "night" without a visible, material source in space.


• Day 4 (Genesis 1:14):

God says, "Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky," using the Hebrew word ma’ôr (plural: me'oroth), which literally translates to "luminaries" or "luminous bodies."

These are tangible instruments—the sun, moon, and stars—designed to act as containers or generators of the ’ôr created on Day 1.



2. Difference in Purpose and Function


A comparison of their roles in the text highlights how their functions evolve from the first day to the fourth:

Aspect Day 1 Light (’ôr) Day 4 Lights (ma’ôr)
Physical Form Diffuse, omnipresent, or emanating from a temporary/divine source.

Distinct celestial objects (the sun, moon, and stars).

Primary Role

Separates basic light from darkness to define the literal boundary of a "day."

Delegates authority to "govern" or "rule" over the day and the night.

Timekeeping:

Establishes the binary rhythm of evening and morning.
Serves as structural signs to mark seasons, days, and years.


3. Common Theological and Historical Interpretations

Because the sun and moon do not appear until Day 4, theologians and scholars historically explain the difference in a few main ways:


• The Divine Source Interpretation:

Many commentators note that since "God is light", the initial illumination on Day 1 was a direct manifestation of God's glory or a temporary light source providing Earth's rotation cycle before He transferred that job to physical creation on Day 4.


• Materialization Interpretation:

Some view Day 1 as the creation of the cosmic fabric, energy fields, and the electromagnetic spectrum, while Day 4 represents the condensation of that energy into specific planetary and stellar bodies.


• The Anti-Idolatry Framework:

In the ancient Near East, neighboring cultures worshipped the sun and moon as deities.

 By introducing light first, as an inanimate property owned by God (on Day 1),

 Then later creating the celestial bodies merely as functional "clocks" and markers (on Day 4),

Genesis strips the lesser lights of divine status, framing them strictly as creations subordinate to God.



Dearly Beloved of God,

God is Light, and Jesus is the Light of the World!

Yes, according to the Bible, it is assuredly correct to say both, "God is light" and "Jesus is the light of the world."

These dual descriptions are not contradictions; rather, they form a foundation for the Christian understanding of the Trinity, showcasing that Jesus shares the exact same divine nature and essence as God the Father.

The Bible affirms both statements across several passages and explains their deeper spiritual meanings.

1. "God is Light" (1 John 1:5)

In the New Testament, the Apostle John provides a direct definition of God's holy nature:

"This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all." —


• What it means:

In this context, "light" represents absolute moral purity, truth, and righteousness.

"Darkness" represents sin, ignorance, and evil.

To say God is light means He is completely holy, untainted by evil, and the ultimate source of all truth.



2. "Jesus is the Light of the World" (John 8:12)


Jesus directly claims this title for himself during His earthly ministry:

"When Jesus spoke again to the people, he said, 'I am the light of the world. Whoever follows me will never walk in darkness, but will have the light of life.'" — John 8:12 (NIV)


• What it means:

By calling himself the light of the world, Jesus is claiming to be the visible manifestation of God’s light to humanity.

He came into a world darkened by sin to guide people back to God, reveal spiritual truth, and expose evil.


The Trinity and Christ's Divinity


When Jesus says, "I am the light of the world," he uses the phrase "I am" (Ego Emi in Greek), which echoes the divine name of God revealed to Moses in the Old Testament (Exodus 3:14).

The Gospel of John begins by confirming that Jesus is the eternal Word who was with God and was God, noting that "In him was life, and that life was the light of all mankind" (John 1:4, NIV).

Therefore, saying Jesus is the light of the world is a direct affirmation of His deity.

He is not a separate or lesser light; He is the radiance of God the Father's glory traveling into the darkness of human reality.



My prayer for all of us is that we remain bold in the Lord Jesus Christ, who is the Light of the world.

The darkness is all around us, but for those who walk in the light, walk in the glory of God, and in his justification, that we who believe in Jesus as our Savior and Lord, are saved; not for anything we have done, but because we believe in the Son of God, who suffered greatly, was crucified on the cross of Calvary, died and was buried: Yet, on the third day, God raised Jesus up from the dead, and we have a risen Lord and Savior, and whomever believes in Him, will not die to the grave, but will also be raised on the Last Day, and will live and reign with Jesus for all eternity.

This is most certainly true. Amen.



Today’s hymn is # 611
Chief of Sinners Though I Be
Stanzas 1 through 5



1. Chief of sinners though I be,
Jesus shed His blood for me.
Died that I might live on high,
Lived that I might never die.
As the branch is to the vine,
I am His, and He is mine.

2. Oh, the height of Jesus' love,
Higher than the heavens above,
Deeper than the depths of sea,
Lasting as eternity!
Love that found me--wondrous thought!
Found me when I sought Him not.

3. Only Jesus can impart
Balm to heal the wounded heart,
Peace that flows from sin forgiven,
Joy that lifts the soul to heav'n.
Faith and hope to walk with God
In the way that Enoch trod.

4. Chief of sinners though I be,
Christ is all in all to me.
All my wants to Him are known,
All my sorrows are His own.
He sustains the hidden life
Safe with Him from earthly strife.

5. O my Savior, help afford
By Your Spirit and Your Word!
When my wayward heart would stray,
Keep me in the narrow way;
Grace in time of need supply
While I live and when I die.

09/02/2026

Family of Friends Bible Study, Wednesday, September 2nd, 2026

In The Beginning – Genesis Chapter 1: verses 9 through 13 – the third day:

9. And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10. God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good.

Questions directed to verses 9 and 10:

• Was there one giant land mass and one gathering of water, or were there divided water masses and one large land mass?

• Were there several land masses and several gatherings of water?

Genesis 1:9 states that God gathered the waters under the sky into one place, and dry land appeared.

In verse 10. God referred to the gathered waters as "seas" (plural).

Were there different continents at creation?

Explain please.

In Genesis 1:9, the text describes the waters being gathered into "one place" so dry land could appear.

While the text uses the plural word "seas" (yamim in Hebrew) to describe those gathered waters, the overall biblical and scientific framework suggests there was likely only one continuous landmass (a supercontinent) at creation, rather than different, isolated continents.

Here is the breakdown of why the text uses the plural "seas" despite the waters being in "one place," along with how theologians and scientists view the geography of creation.

1. The Hebrew Text: One Place, Many Basins

In Genesis 1:9, God commands: “Let the waters under the sky be gathered to one place and let dry ground appear.”

If all the water moves to "one place," the structural logical consequence is that the remaining dry land emerged as a single, uninterrupted landmass.

Why then does verse 10 say, “the gathering of waters He called ‘seas’”?

• Topographical Basins:

Even within one interconnected global ocean, distinct basins, depths, and regional areas exist.

Just as we today recognize the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans as distinct "seas" even though they are all technically one continuous body of water, the creation account acknowledges that the gathered water occupied multiple interconnected beds.

• Linguistic Plurality:

In ancient Hebrew, the word for water (mayim) only exists in the plural form.

The plural "seas" matches this poetic and linguistic structure, emphasizing the vastness, depth, and diversity of the boundaries God set.

2. The Continental Drift and Pangea Connection

Both creation scientists (who hold to a literal Genesis account) and secular geologists agree that the Earth's landmasses were once joined together, though they differ wildly on the timeline:

• The "Rodinia" or "Pangea" Concept:

Geologists have long established that the Earth's continents were once unified in supercontinents (such as Pangea or the earlier Rodinia).

• The Biblical Timeline:

Most biblical scholars and young-earth creationists suggest that this original, unified supercontinent existed throughout creation and early human history.

They propose that the cataclysmic breaking apart of the single landmass into our modern, separate continents did not happen during creation week, but rather during Noah’s Flood (Genesis 7:11-12), which mentions the "fountains of the great deep" bursting forth)

11. In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month (Feb) – on that day all the springs of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened.
12. And rain fell on the earth forty days and forty nights.

During the days of Peleg (Genesis 10:25), which notes that "in his time the earth was divided".

Summary

At creation, the Bible points to a single global ocean gathered in one place and a single, unified supercontinent.

The term "seas" refers to the multiple vast, interconnected basins within that one massive body of water, rather than oceans separating different continents as we see them today.

Verses 11 – 13 – the dry land

11. Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so. 12. The land produced vegetation; plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13. And there was evening, and there was morning – the third day.

• One glowing thing that we must always remember and take with us is that these things, of creation, were done instantaneously:

• Full-grown trees, bushes, and all manner of food-bearing plantings appeared immediately, as well as fledgling new growth, and plantings in the ground that were created to grow, sprout, and make ready for the new crop that would continue to reproduce and flourish in abundance.

The Bible describes the unmatched splendor of God's creation and His unending provision through vibrant, poetic imagery.

While the concept of a "never-ending feast" spans the entire narrative of Scripture—from the abundance of Eden to the final wedding supper of the Lamb—it is most beautifully captured in the Psalms and the prophets.

Here is how the NIV captures the breathtaking splendor of God’s miraculous, Earth-filling bounty:

The Overflowing Harvest of the Earth

In the Psalms, God’s provision is described not as a meager rationing, but as a rich, overflowing banquet where the Earth itself is saturated with His goodness.

• The Drenched Land:

9. "You care for the land and water it; you enrich it abundantly. The streams of God are filled with water to provide the people with grain, for so you have ordained it. 10. You drench its furrows and level its ridges; you soften it with showers and bless its crops." (Psalm 65:9–10, NIV)

• The Crown of Bounty:

11. "You crown the year with your bounty, and your carts overflow with abundance. 12. The grasslands of the wilderness overflow; the hills are clothed with gladness. 13. The meadows are covered with flocks and the valleys are mantled with grain; they shout for joy and sing." (Psalm 65:11–13, NIV)

The Feast of Rich Food and Aged Wine

The prophet Isaiah looks forward to a day when God’s ultimate provision is realized on a global scale.

He uses the imagery of the ultimate royal feast—a miraculous banquet where the finest foods and drinks are laid out for all nations.

• The Ultimate Banquet:

6. "On this mountain the Lord Almighty will prepare a feast of rich food for all peoples, a banquet of aged wine—the best of meats and the finest of wines." (Isaiah 25:6, NIV)

Constant Renewal and Never-Ending Supply

Scripture paints a picture of a Creator who does not simply provide once, but constantly opens His hands to sustain every living thing in a continuous cycle of life.

• Satisfying Every Desire:

15. "The eyes of all look to you, and you give them their food at the proper time. 16. You open your hand and satisfy the desires of every living thing." (Psalm 145:15–16, NIV)

• The River of Life:

In the final vision of the Bible, this feast becomes an eternal reality, featuring a never-ending source of nourishment: 2. "On each side of the river stood the tree of life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations." (Revelation 22:2b, NIV)

Dearly Beloved of God,

The importance of Genesis 1 is that the one true God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, created the world and everything in it in six calendar days, and nothing that was created was and is created by anyone but the one True God, the Triune God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

Amen.

My prayer for all of us is that we are assured in our faith that man does not create; he purposes God’s ever-growing bounds of His creation.

Which is made to be revealed in His proper time for the good of making and the glory that is due God Almighty.

Amen.

Today’s hymn is # 803
Joyful, Joyful We Adore Thee
Stanzas 1, 2, and 3

1. Joyful, joyful we adore Thee,
God of glory, Lord of love!
Hearts unfold like flowers before Thee,
Praising Thee, their sun above.
Melt the clouds of sin and sadness,
Drive the gloom of doubt away.
Giver of immortal gladness,
Fill us with the light of day.

2. All Thy works with joy surround Thee,
Earth and heav'n reflect Thy rays,
Stars and angels sing around Thee,
Center of unbroken praise.
Field and forest, vale and mountain,
Flowery meadow, flashing sea,
Chanting bird, and flowing fountain
Call us to rejoice in Thee.

3. Thou art giving and forgiving,
Ever blessing, ever blest,
Well-spring of the joy of living,
Ocean-depth of happy rest!
Father, Son, and Holy Spirit,
Fountainhead of love divine:
Joyful, we Thy heav'n inherit!
Joyful, we by grace are Thine!

08/30/2026

Family of Friends Bible Study, Sunday, August 30th, 2026


Genesis 1: 3 – 5

3. And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.
4. God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness.
5. God called the light “day” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning – the first day.

How long are the Days of Genesis 1: 3 - 25?


Did the author of Genesis 1 (Moses), intend to communicate that God created everything in six 24-hour days, or are the days meant to be understood in some other way?

The question of how to interpret the “days” in Genesis 1 has been debated for hundreds of years within the Christian church.

• The early chapters of Genesis were explored for their theological message (and not for scientific claims) by many notable Christian thinkers long before scientific evidence for the great age of the universe began to accumulate.

Despite disagreements, all Christians believe Genesis 1 teaches that the one true God created all things and called his creation good.


BioLogos, affirms that Genesis, like the rest of the Bible, is the inspired and authoritative word of God; however, this Christian organization) promotes the idea of evolutionary creation, advocating that faith and science are fully compatible.

• The group argues that God used the process of evolution to create the universe and life on Earth, rather than a literal, six-day creation.

• The organization is highly visible in modern Christian theological discussions, particularly regarding how readers of the NIV Bible and other translations approach the book of Genesis



What do we believe:

We believe that the word of God is irrefutable, that it is inerrant, spoken to us by God through His servant Moses, that we may hear it and know that He is God, and nothing that is, was made by anyone but God, and we believe in His Son, Jesus Christ, for the forgiveness of sins and life everlasting.

Based on a close examination of the biblical text and the cultural context in which Genesis was written, we favor a literary view over a calendar-day or day-age view: the seven-day pattern is a literary device that serves the author's theological purposes rather than revealing information about the chronology of natural history.

Genesis 1: verse 1 – In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.

The repeating formula “there was evening, and there was morning—the first day,” and so on for six days (see Genesis 1: 5, 8, 13, 19, 23, and 31); These bear testimony to six 24-hour periods.

• This conclusion, combined with a summation of years given in biblical genealogies, led most advocates to believe that God created the material universe in one ordinary week between six and seven thousand years ago!



Literary views prioritize the creation account's literary features, theological themes, and cultural context.

According to one literary approach, the framework view, the author of Genesis 1 uses the regular week—six days of work and then a Sabbath rest—as a framework to describe God’s work of creation.
The first three days describe the creation of realms of habitation, while the second three creation days describe the inhabitants of those realms.

For example, darkness and light are separated on the first day, but the sun, moon, and stars are not created until the fourth day.

As the foundation for days 4-6 is laid on days 1-3, we see God’s perfect design of the cosmos.



Dearly Beloved of God,

Let us not get caught up and overwhelmed in the crag mire of old and modernistic theories, comprised of man’s ill-drawn, self-opinionated conclusions; for we are called by God to hold fast to every word that comes from the mouth of the LORD our God, and Him only do we hear, believe, serve, and profess.

Amen.


Today’s hymn is # 954
We All Believe in One, True God
Stanzas 1, 2, and 3


1. We all believe in one true God,
who created earth and heaven;
The Father, who to us in love
Has the right of children given.
He in soul and body feeds us;
All we need His hand provides us;
Through all snares and perils leads us,
Watching that no harm betide us.
He cares for us by day and night;
All things are governed by His might.


2. We all believe in Jesus Christ,
His own Son, our Lord, possessing
An equal Godhead, throne, and might,
Source of every grace and blessing;
Born of Mary, virgin mother,
By the power of the Spirit,
Word made flesh, our elder brother;
That the lost might life inherit,
Was crucified for all our sin
And raised by God to life again.


3. We all confess the Holy Ghost,
Who, in highest heaven dwelling
With God the Father and the Son,
Comforts us beyond all telling;
Who the Church, His own creation,
Keeps in unity of spirit.
Here forgiveness and salvation
Daily come through Jesus' merit.
All flesh shall rise, and we shall be
In bliss with God eternally.

Amen, amen, Amen.

08/29/2026

Family of Friends Bible Study, Genesis, chapter 1: verses 1 and 2 – and John, chapter 1: verses 1 through 4

Genesis 1: 1 - 2

1. In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. – Chapter One, verse One.

2. Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters. – Chapter One, verse Two.

John 1: 1 - 4

1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was God.

2. He was with God in the beginning.

3. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.

4. In him was life, and that life was the light of men.

John 1: 14

The Word became flesh and lived for a while among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.

NIV Bible - Was the God of creation the same God as the Triune God, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit?


Yes, according to the New International Version (NIV) Bible, the God of creation is the exact same God as the Triune God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit).

The biblical text presents creation not as the work of a solitary person, but as an indivisible act of all three Persons of the Trinity working together in perfect unity.



God the Father as the Source


Genesis 1:1 states,

"In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth."
Throughout the Old Testament, God is revealed as the ultimate architect and creator.


In the New Testament, this primary role is consistently associated with God the Father.


God the Son as the Agent of Creation


While the Old Testament uses the general Hebrew name Elohim (God), the New Testament explicitly reveals that the Son (Jesus Christ) was the active agent through whom the Father created the universe.


• John 1:1-3:

"In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the beginning. Through him all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made." John later clarifies in John 1:14 that this "Word" became flesh as Jesus.


• Colossians 1:16:

"For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible... all things have been created through him and for him."


God the Holy Spirit as the Sustainer


The Holy Spirit is also explicitly present at the very dawn of creation, generating and shaping life.

• Genesis 1:2:

"Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters."

• Job 33:4:

"The Spirit of God has made me; the breath of the Almighty gives me life."



The Plurality in Genesis


The Trinitarian nature of the Creator is further hinted at in the famous phrasing of Genesis 1:26, where God says, "Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness..." Rather than referring to angels.

Orthodox Christian theology interprets this plural language as an internal dialogue and cooperation within the Triune Godhead itself.

In summary, the NIV Bible does not present two different Gods.
Rather, it progressively reveals that the single Lord God who spoke the universe into existence in Genesis is the same one God existing eternally in three distinct Persons.



Dearly Beloved of God,

As we spiritually approach the wisdom found in, and the witnessing gathered through the reading of the LORD God Almighty Holy Word, I would like us to connect the Old Testament to the New, then further into the Bible, the New Testament into the Old, that we might better understand the foundation laid in the Old Testament, and the promises kept within the Old, while studying the new.

May the Lord bless our time together in His Holy Words, which He has given to us as His will, His way, and our pathway to eternal life.

If you find these messages to be worthy of sharing with those you love, please do so – this is our opportunity to Go and Teach, as Jesus called us to do in Matthew 28: 19 and 20.


My prayer for all of us is that we go in peace, serve the Lord, and love one another as He loves us.
Amen.


Today’s hymn is # 940
Holy God, We Praise Thy Name
Stanzas 1 through 5


1. Holy God, we praise Thy name;
Lord of all, we bow before Thee.
All on earth Thy scepter claim,
All in heav'n above adore Thee.
Infinite Thy vast domain,
Everlasting is Thy reign.

2. Hark! the glad celestial hymn
Angel choirs above are raising;
Cherubim and seraphim,
In unceasing chorus praising,
Fill the heavens with sweet accord:
Holy, holy, holy Lord!

3. Lo, the’apostles' holy train
Join Thy sacred name to hallow;
Prophets swell the glad refrain,
And the white-robed martyrs follow,
And from morn to set of sun
Through the Church the song goes on.

4. Thou art King of glory, Christ;
Son of God, yet born of Mary.
For us sinners sacrificed,
As to death a Tributary,
First to break the bars of death,
Thou hast opened heav'n to faith.

5. Holy Father, holy Son,
Holy Spirit, three we name Thee;
Though in essence only one,
Undivided God, we claim Thee
And, adoring, bend the knee
While we own the mystery.

08/28/2026

Family of Friends Biblical Studies, Friday, August 28th, 2026


Who Is Jesus? – Today, through Creeds, Confessions, and the Words of God, we will understand and Boldly Answer This Question.

“Who do you say that I am? Matthew 16:15. Jesus asked His disciples this question at a pivotal moment in His ministry and in their lives.

People in Jesus' day had many opinions. Some said Jesus was John the Baptist. Others thought He was Jeremiah or Elijah come back to life.

Peter confessed on behalf of the other disciples, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” Jesus responded, “On this rock (Peter’s confession) I will build My church.” Matthew 16: 13 – 18

13. When Jesus came to the region of Caesarea Philippi, he asked his disciples, “Who do people say the Son of Man is?”
14. They replied, “Some say John the Baptist; others say Elijah; and still others, Jeremiah or one of the prophets.”
15. “But what about you? He asked. “Who do you say I am?”
16. Simon Peter answered, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
17. Jesus replied, “Blessed are you, Simon son of Jonah, for this was not revealed to you by man, but by my Father in heaven. 18. And I tell you that you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church and the gates of Hades will not overcome it.


Since that day, the Church’s primary task has been to confess who Jesus is and why He matters in our personal Salvation and the Salvation of the whole world.

It does so in response to God’s Word and for the sake of gathering the Church around that answer that Peter boast, and now we too, as the pillars (believers in God and His Son Jesus), boast with much rejoicing and assurance.

In the early church, many held that the Son of God was not fully God, but a powerful creature.

In response, the Nicene Creed confesses on the basis of 1 Corinthians 8: 6 that the Son of God -- along with the Father and Holy Spirit – is true God and the Creator of all things.
6. Yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live.


The Apostles’ Creed emphasizes the historical, physical reality by confessing that Jesus “suffered,” and “was crucified, died and was buried.”


The Athanasian Creed addresses Jesus’ identity by confessing His relationship to the Father and the Holy Spirit while affirming His divinity and humanity.



Reading God’s Word

Reading the Bible can, at times, seem overwhelming; understanding the Bible, at times, may seem difficult; but the more we read, the more we seek to learn, the more we understand, the more its words open our eyes, our hearts, our minds, and our lives.

It becomes our refuge, a place where we seek and find God and see the evidence of His love, mercy, grace, and forgiveness of all our sin.
It is our assurance of everlasting life in the kingdom of God.

It is our assurance that God is always with us, always taking care of us, always listening to our prayers, always loving us, and always forgiving us.

Its words are the very words of God and the words of life.

God wants us to hear, understand, and believe His Word, and His Spirit works through it to enable us to do God’s will with rejoicing.

The first challenge in reading God’s Word is simply to open the Bible: The devil delights in distracting us with other activities or priorities that may seem more urgent, exciting, or important.

So, we must resist him, take time to sit down, and have a relationship with God through His Holy Word.

The Bible is about forgiveness and a life in Jesus!

To use and interpret the Bible rightly, we must know what it is actually about and why God gave it to us.

The main subject of Scripture is Jesus Christ, and the forgiveness of sins and eternal life that come to us through Him.

John 20: 24 – 31

24. Now Tomas (called Didymus), one of the Twelve, was not with the disciples when Jesus first came to them. 25. When the other disciples told him that they had seen the Lord, he declared, “Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it.”
26. A week later his disciples were in the house again, and Thomas was with them. Though the doors were locked, Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you!” 27. Then he said to Thomas, “Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach into my side. Stop doubting and believe.”
28. Thomas said to him, “My Lord and my God!”
29. Then Jesus told him, “Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed.”
30. Jesus did many other miraculous signs in the presence of his disciples (500 followers who had been with Him from the beginning of His ministry), which are not recorded in this book. 31. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.


Scripture interprets Scripture.

Context is essential for understanding language.

When overhearing one end of a phone conversation, it is difficult to fully understand the words you hear because you miss the other half.

In the same way, faithfully interpreting Scripture depends on hearing the full message.

When reading the Bible, we need to ask: What is the context here? How do other passages of the Bible clarify my understanding of this passage?

The Scripture immediately surrounding a passage is a key starting point for interpretation. What situation is being addressed or described? What event or discussion has just taken place? What follows after?

Other Scripture written by the same author also helps in interpretation.

Each human author used his own writing style and unique emphasis: To better understand a passage in St. Paul’s Letter to the Romans, it helps to look elsewhere in Romans and then to Paul’s other letters.

The following may help you understand the Scripture Author’s place, time, and events of their writings:

The Bible is a collection of 66 books written by 40 different human authors over 1,500 years, believed to be inspired by God.

While early church tradition and Jewish history attribute specific books to prominent figures like Moses, David, Solomon, and the Apostle Paul, modern critical biblical scholarship generally views many texts as composite works compiled anonymously over centuries.

The breakdown below outlines both the traditional attributions and modern scholarly consensus for each biblical book.

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The Old Testament (Hebrew Bible)

The Pentateuch / Torah (Books of the Law)

• Genesis: Traditionally attributed to Moses. Modern scholars view it as a composite text from multiple anonymous sources (often categorized as J, E, D, and P).
• Exodus: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Leviticus: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Numbers: Traditionally attributed to Moses.
• Deuteronomy: Traditionally attributed to Moses (except for the final verses detailing his death).


Historical Books

Joshua: Traditionally attributed to Joshua. Scholars debate its composition and link it to Deuteronomy.
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Judges: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Samuel. Scholars view it as an anonymous collection compiled during the Babylonian exile.
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Ruth: Traditionally attributed to Samuel. Scholars date it to the post-exilic period by an anonymous writer.
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1 & 2 Samuel: Traditionally attributed to Samuel, Nathan, and Gad. Modern scholars consider it a multi-layered anonymous compilation.
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1 & 2 Kings: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah. Academics attribute it to anonymous Deuteronomistic historians.
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1 & 2 Chronicles: Traditionally attributed to Ezra. Scholars attribute it to an anonymous author known as "the Chronicler."
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Ezra & Nehemiah: Traditionally written by Ezra and Nehemiah. Scholars often group them with Chronicles as the work of the anonymous Chronicler.
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Esther: Traditionally attributed to Mordecai or internal temple records. Scholars consider it an anonymous historical novella.
Wisdom & Poetry

Job: Attributed variously to Job, Moses, or Elihu. Scholars view it as an anonymous work.
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Psalms: A collection of hymns traditionally attributed to King David (73 psalms), alongside Asaph, the sons of Korah, Solomon, and Moses. It is an anthology assembled over centuries.
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Proverbs: Chiefly attributed to King Solomon, with specific sections credited to Agur and Lemuel.
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Ecclesiastes: Traditionally attributed to King Solomon ("the Teacher"). Modern linguistics date it much later to an anonymous post-exilic writer.
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Song of Solomon: Traditionally attributed to King Solomon.
Major Prophets

• Isaiah: Traditionally attributed to the prophet Isaiah. Critical scholars identify at least three distinct authors or schools spanning different centuries (Proto-, Deutero-, and Trito-Isaiah).

• Jeremiah: Written by the prophet Jeremiah, dictated to his scribe Baruch.

• Lamentations: Traditionally attributed to Jeremiah. Scholars view it as anonymous mourning poetry.

• Ezekiel: Written by the prophet Ezekiel.

• Daniel: Traditionally attributed to Daniel. Mainstream scholars date its final form to the 2nd century BC.



The 12 Minor Prophets

These books are traditionally and scholarly attributed to the respective prophets named in their titles:
• Hosea
• Joel
• Amos
• Obadiah
• Jonah (Scholars debate whether the prophet wrote it or is simply the subject of it)
• Micah
• Nahum
• Habakkuk
• Zephaniah
• Haggai
• Zechariah (Chapters 9–14 are often attributed by scholars to later anonymous writers)
• Malachi
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The New Testament

The Gospels and Acts

The texts themselves are formally anonymous, but early church tradition heavily assigned them to specific figures.]

Gospel of Matthew: Traditionally attributed to Matthew (Levi), the tax collector and apostle.
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Gospel of Mark: Traditionally attributed to John Mark, recording the memoirs of the Apostle Peter.
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Gospel of Luke: Written by Luke, the physician and travel companion of Paul.
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Acts of the Apostles: Written by Luke as a direct sequel to his Gospel.


The Pauline Epistles

These letters explicitly claim authorship by the Apostle Paul. Scholars broadly agree on seven of them (Undisputed), while debating the others.

• Romans (Undisputed Paul)

• 1 & 2 Corinthians (Undisputed Paul)

• Galatians (Undisputed Paul)

• Philippians (Undisputed Paul)

• 1 Thessalonians (Undisputed Paul)

• Philemon (Undisputed Paul)
• Ephesians & Colossians (Debated; traditional Paul)

• 2 Thessalonians (Debated; traditional Paul)

• 1 & 2 Timothy & Titus (Pastoral Epistles; traditionally Paul, widely considered pseudonymous by critical scholars)



General Epistles & Prophecy

• Hebrews: Author unknown. Historically attributed to Paul, but its polished Greek style leaves its author anonymous (suggestions include Apollos, Barnabas, or Luke).

• James: Attributed to James, the brother of Jesus and leader of the Jerusalem church.

• 1 & 2 Peter: Traditionally attributed to the Apostle Peter. Critical scholars strongly question 2 Peter's authenticity due to its late style.

• 1, 2, & 3 John: Traditionally attributed to the Apostle John.

• Jude: Attributed to Jude, the brother of Jesus.

• Revelation: Written by John of Patmos, traditionally identified as the Apostle John.


Testament interprets Testament

The Old Testament tells of God’s perfect creation and our first parents' tragic fall into sin and death.

It reveals God’s care for His creation, His lordship over history, His wrath and devastating acts of punishment provoked by human sins.

Above all, it reveals God’s mercy, patience, and faithfulness to generations of His chosen people Israel and His promise to send, through them, a Savior for all peoples.

The entire Old Testament precedes the birth of Christ, some of it by more than a thousand years. Yet Jesus says that they “bear witness about Me:

John 5: 39 – 40

39. “You (Jesus talking about the Scribes and Pharisees) diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, 40. Yet you refuse to come to me to have life.

Just as the Old Testament should be read in light of the New, so also many New Testament passages are best understood against the backdrop of the Old.

The Bible’s chief goal must not be lost: To proclaim Jesus as Savior and to draw sinners to eternal life through faith in Him.



God, the Holy Spirit, helps us.

Since the Bible is the very Word of God, our efforts to understand it should begin and continue with humble prayer.

The Holy Spirit called us by the Gospel, and He will enlighten our study of the Word. This is truly a divine work, but it is also a gradual, lifelong work.

God’s Holy Spirit helps us not only as we read the Bible individually, but also together with fellow believers.

God’s Spirit is at work, giving us understanding of God’s Word, and builds us up until we all attain the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God.

Ephesians 4: 14 – 16

14. Then we will no longer be infants, tossed back and forth by the waves, and blown here and there by the wind of teaching and by the cunning and craftiness of men in their deceitful scheming. 15. Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into him who is the Head, that is, Christ. 16. From him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work.



My prayer for all of us is that we welcome the Holy Spirit of God into our lives, our hearts, minds, body and soul – not as a housekeeper, but as head of our lives, of our thoughts, dreams, acts, words and aspirations – That we obey and follow His every command, growing stronger in our faith and in our witness before all those God places in our path: Remembering and acting only as a child of God, an heir to His kingdom.
Amen.



Today’s hymn is # 496
Holy Spirit, Light Divine
Stanzas 1 through 5


1. Holy Spirit, light divine,
Shine upon this heart of mine;
Chase the shades of night away,
Turn the darkness into day.

2. Let me see my Savior's face,
Let me all His beauties trace;
Show those glorious truths to me
Which are only known to Thee.

3. Holy Spirit, power divine,
Cleanse this guilty heart of mine;
In Thy mercy pity me,
From sin's bo***ge set me free.

4. Holy Spirit, joy divine,
Cheer this saddened heart of mine;
Yield a sacred, settled peace,
Let it grow and still increase.

5. Holy Spirit, all divine,
Dwell within this heart of mine;
Cast down every idol throne,
Reign supreme, and reign alone.

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